Validation of the Persian version of family health climate scale (FHC-Scale) in Iranian families.

BACKGROUND: Family health is an important issue which has attracted researchers from different fields. The present study aimed to validate the Persian version of the Family Health Climate Scale (FHC-Scale). METHODS: In this methodological research, a total of 620 individuals presenting to Comprehensive Healthcare centers affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Gonabad University of Medical Sciences were selected through random multistage sampling. Validation of the FHC-Scale was performed. First, the original scale was translated and back-translated. Then its content validity and construct validity were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency and stability. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and LISREL version 8.5 (SSI Inc., Skokie, IL, USA). RESULTS: Results of exploratory factor analysis showed that "physical activity" of family health climate scale (FHC-PA) has three dimensions: value, cohesion and information explaining 61.99% of the variance. "Nutrition" of family health climate scale (FHC-NU) had four dimensions of value, communication, cohesion and consensus explaining 66.19% of the variance. Internal consistency of the dimensions of (FHC-PA) ranged 0.82-0.85 and that for FHC-NU ranged 0.82-0.84. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed goodness of fit and confirmed family health climate scale (Nutrition and physical activity). CONCLUSION: Results of the study revealed that the FHC-Scale has appropriate reliability and validity for Iranian families. Therefore, the Persian version of the scale can be used for assessing health-related aspects of family.

Effect of screw access hole design on the fracture resistance of implant-supported zirconia-based restorations.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of screw access hole design on the fracture resistance of cement-retained implant-supported zirconia-based restorations with screw access holes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cement-retained implant-supported zirconia-based molar crown specimens were fabricated. The specimens were divided into 3 groups of 10: without access holes (C), with screw access holes (S), and with screw access holes accompanied with a surrounding zirconia wall (W). The veneering ceramic thickness was 0.8 mm in all groups. Implants were vertically mounted in a metal block. Abutments were screwed on the implants and the specimens were cemented to the abutments. A universal testing machine applied compressive forces to the specimens until fracture. Fracture resistance values of the specimens were measured. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests were used to analyze data (P < .05). RESULTS: The mean fracture resistance values were 5794.85 N for C, 2691.48 N for S, and 3878.06 N for W. The screw access hole design significantly affected the fracture resistance (P < .0001). Significant differences were found between C and S (P < .001), C and W (P < .001), and S and W (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS: The screw access hole decreased the fracture resistance. A surrounding zirconia wall for the screw access hole increased the fracture resistance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Screw access hole design may affect the fracture resistance of cement-retained implant-supported zirconia-based restorations with screw access holes. This study introduced a screw access hole design to improve the fracture resistance of these restorations.

Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire in Iranian older adults.

BACKGROUND: Perceptions of aging refer to individuals' understanding of aging within their sociocultural context. Proper measurement of this concept in various societies requires accurate tools. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted with the aim to translate and validate the Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ) and assess its psychometric features in Iranian older adults. METHOD: In this study, the Persian version of B-APQ was validated for 400 older adults. This questionnaire was translated into Persian according to the Wild et al's model. The Persian version was validated using content, face, and construct (using confirmatory factor analysis) validities, and then its internal consistency and test-retest reliability were measured. Data were analyzed using the statistical software programs SPSS 18 and EQS-6.1. RESULTS: The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed construct validity and five subscales of B-APQ. Test-retest reliability with 3-week interval produced r=0.94. Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.75 for the whole questionnaire, and from 0.53 to 0.77 for the five factors. CONCLUSION: The Persian version of B-APQ showed favorable validity and reliability, and thus it can be used for measuring different dimensions of perceptions of aging in Iranian older adults.

Adolescents' self-esteem in single and two-parent families.

BACKGROUND: Self-esteem is one of the basic needs for all individuals especially in adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine associations between adolescents' self-esteem and perceived maternal parenting styles as well as its dimensions in terms of family type. METHODS: In this analytic cross-sectional study, 356 high school students (250 two-parent nuclear family and 106 single-parent family) participated and filled out the Coppersmith self-esteem and the Robinson and colleagues (2001) perceived parenting styles questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18. To assess the relationship between participants' self-esteem and parenting styles and dimensions, Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test was used to adjust the effect of potential confounder variables. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: From a total of 370 questionnaires, 356 questionnaires were completed. The mean±SD of the participants' self-esteem score was 38.49±6.55. Mean±SD of self-esteem score among the two-parent and single-parent students was 39.06±6.36 and 37.42±7.28, respectively (P=0.034). Dominant parenting style in both families was authoritative style. There were significant associations between the respondents' self-esteem and their perceived parenting styles, after matching sex, family income, level of education, and parents job (P<0.005). CONCLUSION: The results of this research can be used in educational interventions to modify the dimensions of parenting styles and improve self-esteem. Therefore, considering the relationship between child-rearing style and adolescent self-esteem, assessing other relating factors with adolescent self-esteem especially in single-parent family, such as father absence stigma, is suggested.

Silica tungstic acid as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives.

Silica tungstic acid (STA) has been found to be an efficient and reusable solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes via the three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and ß-naphthol. STA as a novel solid acid was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.